The Parties involved -
Who defrauded Columna,
and who simply helped them to lose Columna's money?

The Fraud Facilitators - without whose help Columna's money would never have been lost!

Sometimes financial entities expose a fund to fraud possibilities without being the direct beneficiary. Their actions create the opportunity for fraud, and then of course actively engage in cover up when the fraud is committed.

#1 - CSSF, the Luxembourg financial regulator

• Married Apex (the fund administrator) to Luxembourg Fund Partners, thus created the conflict of interest in NAV calculations.
• Approved a fund where neither the directors, the investment mamager nor the investment advsiors had any asset class investing experience whatsoever!
• Granted a newbie fund with zero experience 3 years carte-blanche re. non-diversification. In 3 years and 1 day almost 90% of Columna was lost with Walter Bizzarri's group of companies.
• Refused to force a regulated entity, SocGen, to provide historic bank statements, thus abetting the covering up of fraud and money laundering.
• Refused to force a regulated entity, Alter Domus Management, to provide historic fund documents, thus abetting the covering up of fraud and misdealings.
• Refused to provide the investigating director with the previous directors' replies to CSSSF enquiries into lack of diversification, use of +HK companies etc..
• Ignored shareholder complaints and requests for help, citing that as "Well-informed Investors" under the SIF Law, basically "tough luck!!" - notwithstanding the widescale fraud that had occurred under their watchful eye..

#2 - PWC, the Luxembourg & Hong Kong Auditors

• Was aware from April 2013 that Apex owned 18% of Luxembourg Fund Partners, yet never once alerted investors to this clear conflict of interest in the annual reports.
• Failed to spot that BStar loan servicing only happened a few days after each new BStar capital drawdown, for 3 years.
• Failed to note that investments in BStar were actually being sent to an unauthorised UK subsidiary, Swiss Asset Management.
• Failed to comment on the lack of any LFP I control or director representation in Columna of Hong Kong 100% subsidiary, Global Hill Corporation.

#3 - SocGen Luxembourg, Custodian bank to Columna from March 2015 to September 2016

• Took over as Custodian Bank to Columna in March 2015, yet allowed Global Hill to bank with former custodian ABN Amro without consolidating control.
• Resigned as Custodian Bank in June 2016, with 3 months notice, yet afterwards transacted 8 rapid payments each of approx. US$ 1 million to unauthorised Walter Bizzari companies in Slovakia (meant for Switzerland).
• Instructions for these 8 payments were to IBAN's in Slovakia for Slovakian companies with same name as Columna approved entities in Switzerland with Swiss IBAN's.
• Instructions for these payments were given by Global Hill to SocGen, with banking officer name deleted and hand-written fax number, suggesting internal complicity in fraud.
• A total of US$ 8.95 million was transferred to Slovkian unauthorised entities by SocGen in Sept./Oct. 2016, after they had resigned and notice period lapsed as custodian bank. This US$ 8.95 million was never recovered!!

#4 - Luxembourg Fund Partners, the fund manager

• Effectively an Organised Financial Crime Group, operating at least 4 Ponzi schemes in LFP I, plus similar losses in LFP Prme, and Alliance Omnibus Property
• Primarily owned by LFP directors Luc Leleux and Julien Renaux, then 18% shareholder Apex from April 2013.
• Shared 2 directors, and same office floor with Apex at 11 Boulevard de la Foire in Luxembourg, zero independence of administrator and investment manager.
• Ceded lack of transparency to 100% subsdiary Global Hill Corporation in Hong Kong, with no director representation or bank account signing power.
• Allowed 3 YAS Investment Advisors, the 3 directors of Global Hill, with zero commodities investment experience, to completely access and manage Columna monies.
• Sold to Alter Domus Group at end of 2017
• Refused to hand over historic fund documents to investigating new director David Mapley in December 2018, sued in Luxembourg courts, case still not resolved as at November 2023!!

#5 - LFP I Directors, Luc Leleux, Julien Renaux

• Architects of the entire LFP Organised Financial Crime Group, with LFP I, LFP Prime, and Alliance Omnibus Property group of funds.
• Also controlling directors of investment manager Luxembourg Fund Partners.
• Directors' names removed from www.columnafund.com in July 2016, 4 months before Columna's collapse.

#6 - Apex Fund Services Malta, the fund administrator

• Apex owned 18% of Luxembourg Fund Partners, from April 2013 - an undisclosed conflict of interest re monthly NAV share price calculation.
• Apex provided a managing director to Luxembourg Fund Partners, Christophe Lentschat, involved in the day-to-day running of Columna
• Apex provided a second director to Luxembourg Fund Partners, Peter Hughes, the global CEO of Apex Group
• Strangely, Apex operated in Luxembourg through the branch of Apex Malta, which somehow failed to raise any suspicions.
• The CSSF arranged the Apex shareholding and management involvment in Luxembourg Fund Partners in order to grant Luxembourg Fund Partners a funds management licence.
• Christophe Lentschat resigned as managing director of Luxembourg Fund Partners in January 2016, Peter Hughes resigns as director in December 2016.

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